It is important to understand the concept of dilutions, since they are a handy tool used throughout all areas of the clinical laboratory. Spec20 serial dilution lab free chemistry materials. A common design for estimating the concentrations of compounds in biological samples is the serial dilution assay, in which measurements are taken at several different dilutions of a sample. What molarity would the potassium nitrate solution need to be if you were only to need 2. Dilutions worksheet solutions 1 if 45 ml of water are added to 250 ml of a 0. C1v1c2v2 percent solutions parts per hundred molar solutions unitmmolesl.
Serial dilutions involve diluting a stock or standard solution multiple times in a row. Describes calculations for preparing dilutions of solutions. This exercise is intended to familiarize us with using scientific notation to express big and small number easily and the process of using serial dilutions to make concentrations of known values. Quantifying uncertainty of determination by standard. For example, when you are making orange juice from a frozen concentrate, you mix 1 can of concentrate with 3 cans of water. If youre working in a chemistry lab, its essential to know how to calculate a dilution. It may be tempting to think that vc is the amount of the concentrated solution you have. Serial dilutions austin community college district. For example, we might say that a glass of iced tea becomes increasingly diluted as the ice melts. Its commonly performed in experiments requiring highly diluted solutions, such as those involving concentration curves on a logarithmic scale or when you are determining the density. Review of dilution, concentration, and stock solutions a dilution is a solution made by adding more solvent to a more concentrated solution stock solution, which reduces the concentration of the solute.
Dilution is the process whereby the concentration of a solution is lessened by the addition of solvent. Since a great deal of experimental lab work in biology involves solutions, the ability to work with and manipulate them is very important. Medical personnel commonly must perform dilutions for iv solutions. In medicine, these skills are necessary to ensuring proper medicine dosage and treatment. Serial dilution from econ 101 at institute of chemistry ceylon.
Molarity and serial dilutions teacher handout module overview one of the most important skills in science is to calculate dilutions. In order to obtain a certain concentration of acid or base, dilutions are made. This webinar is intended to give a brief introduction into the mathematics of making solutions commonly used in a research setting. We also discuss how to use dilutions and serial dilutions in a research setting.
Received 9 may 2014 received in revised form 29 august 2014. Imagine we have a salt water solution with a certain concentration. A serial dilution is the dilution of a sample, in 10fold dilutions. Serial dilutions mlab 35 immunologyserology terry kotrla introduction many of the laboratory procedures involve the use of dilutions. Serial dilutions tube method principle serial dilution is a common technique used in many immunologic procedures. Davidsonb a rdecom, edgewood chemical biological center, aberdeen proving ground, md 21010, usa b science and technology corporation, belcamp, md 21017, usa article info abstract article history. A dilution in chemistry is a process that reduces the concentration of a substance in a solution. In this lab you will investigate several techniques for working with solutions.
A serial dilution is the repeated dilution of a solution to amplify the dilution factor quickly. Because phage stocks are often quite concentrated, it is necessary to. Substances are available as dilutions also called triturations and concentrates for a number of reasons. This method requires you to use 20 ml of the stock solution and add it to 180 ml of water. For example, a tenfold serial dilution could result in the following concentrations. Typically, the dilution factor remains constant for each dilution, resulting in an exponential decrease in concentration. Using dilution factor dilution factor is defined as. Anytime you see the abbreviation m you should immediately think of it as moll. Introduction it is difficult to know and imagine the size of. You are challenged to design a kit that will be used to measure iron concentration in drinking water.
Estimation method for serial dilution experiments avishai bendavid a. The moles present in the volume of stock solution delivered by the volumetric pipet is equal to the moles present in the diluted solution created. Record characteristics of each solution colour, taste, etc. Serial dilution protocol pdf it is a method of diluting a stock solution where concentration decreases by the same quantity in each successive step. While you may already make solutions in the lab by following recipes. In the nyscate module solutions and dilutions, you will learn to apply the process of informed design and problem solve a realworld problem using a scientific method. Dilution calculations from stock solutions in chemistry. Dilution factor california state university, sacramento. One of the most common series doubles the dilution factor with each transfer 1. These include quantifying the number of bacteria in a sample using plate counts and the development of standard curves for quantitative colorimetric, radiometric, and enzymatic assays. Serial dilution lab in this unit we will be discussing measurements of concentration that us e both very big and very small numbers. Serial dilution many procedures performed in modern biology and chemistry laboratories require sets of solutions that cover a range of concentration s. Dilutions worksheet w 329 everett community college.
First, take a portion of the sample and does serial dilution on it. Solution preparation revised 72403 3 the diluted solutions molarity is less than the stock solution it was created from. Information and translations of serial dilution in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. These expressions are essential additions to the process of the analyte quantification realized with. As shown in the illustration below, it begins when 1 ml of the bacterial sample is added to 9.
To make our dilution we would use 200ul of serum and 200 ul, or 800 ul of water. In the lab, correct dilutions of solutions are critical to performing accurate science. Dilution and concentration theory sounds ominous but you use dilutions and concentrations fairly frequently outside of your scientific life. Repeat the steps until the cells can be observed under the microscope when the diluted sample was observed. The water from the melting ice increases the volume of the solvent water and the overall volume of the solution iced tea, thereby. That means we have a certain amount of salt a certain mass or a certain number of moles dissolved in a certain volume of solution.
Dilutions worksheet awesome science teacher resources. Upon completion of this lab, the student should be able to proficiently calculate molarities for solutions. Next we willl dilute this solution we do that by adding more water, not more salt. Serial dilution is a simple yet efficient technique to determine the number of cells or organisms in a concentrated sample. Acids and bases usually come in concentrated form, as concentrates, but they are rarely used in this form. A serial dilution is any dilution in which the concentration decreases by the same factor in each successive step in serial dilutions, you multiply the dilution factors for each step. Each subsequent solution becomes the stock solution for the next dilution. Making serial dilutions objective create standard dilutions of a phage sample in order to perform plaque assays or titers. The analytical expressions for the calculation of the standard uncertainty of the predictor variable either extrapolated or interpolated from a calibration line that takes into account uncertainties in both axes have been derived and successfully verified using the monte carlo modeling. In other words, you are diluting the frozen concentrate by 14.